The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Robust formant analysis

For speech synthesis applications a formant description of the speech signal has a number of advantages over oUter parametrizatiolls. The analysis of formant frequencies and bandwidths from the LPC coefficients has two drawbacks: sometimes the number of formants detected is smaller than is needed for the synthesizer alld sometimes due to numerical instability, the analysis fails completely. A method is described to first derive the formant frequencies by means of the Split Levinson Algorithm and second, to find optimal bandwidth values from a table

I.P.O. instrumentation 1976

No abstract

Nose catcher: A pick-up for nasal speech sounds

No abstract

Variations in larynx periodicity for monotonous CV-utterances

No abstract

The amplitude variator

No abstract

The intonator

No abstract

Measuring circuit for tongue and lip closure duration

One of the subjects of phonetic research in this Institute for Perception Research is the duration of lip and tongue closure. In the literature several systems for dynamic palatography are described (see references). The aim has been to build a circuit to measure whether the tongue is in contact with a certain region of the surface of an artificial palate and for how long. On this surface a number of pairs 0f small gold contacts were provided which were connected to a corresponding number of circuits outside the mouth by means of thin insulated wires. The contacts will be called here electrodes. The resistance between each pair of electrodes is large when the tissues of the tongue are not in contact with them, and small when there is contact. The circuit described here measures first the resistance between the two electrodes. In most cases it is necessary to operate more than one circuit simultaneously. For this reason each circuit is operated on an individual frequency. The number of circuits which must operate simultaneously is rather small: 4 or 6 (a small number as compared to Fujimura (1968), who used 64 electrodes). Each circuit can also be used with other electrodes (see fig. 3) for measuring lip closures, and possibly more closures of wet tissues